RP(n-1) model
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The real-projective space (RP) model is given by
\[\left. H \right. = - \sum_{x, \mu} ( \sigma(x) , \sigma (x, + \mu))^2\]
where H is the Hamiltonian of the system, the variables \(\sigma (x)\) are n-component unit vectors of sites x of a square lattice, and \(\mu\) denotes the two directions of the lattice. The n=2 case of the model is equivalent to the XY model.
