LaTeX math markup

Note: this page is a subsection of the Wikipedia page Help:Displaying a formula.

Subscripts, superscripts, integrals

Feature	Syntax	How it looks rendered
		HTML	PNG
Superscript	a^2	$a^2$	$a^2$
Subscript	a_2	$a_2$	$a_2$
Grouping	a^{2+2}	$a^{2+2}$	$a^{2+2}$
	a_{i,j}	$a_{i,j}$	$a_{i,j}$
Combining sub & super	x_2^3	$x_2^3$
Preceding and/or Additional sub & super	\sideset{_1^2}{_3^4}\prod_a^b	$\underset{a}{\overset{b}{{}_1{}^2\prod _3^4}}$
	{}_1^2\!\Omega_3^4	${}_1^2\underset{3}{\overset{4}{\mathrm{\Omega }}}$
Stacking	\overset{\alpha}{\omega}	$\stackrel{\alpha }{\omega }$
	\underset{\alpha}{\omega}	$\underset{\alpha }{\omega }$
	\overset{\alpha}{\underset{\gamma}{\omega}}	$\stackrel{\alpha }{\underset{\gamma }{\omega }}$
	\stackrel{\alpha}{\omega}	$\stackrel{\alpha }{\omega }$
Derivative (forced PNG)	x', y, f', f\!		$x^{\prime },y^{″},f^{\prime },f^{″}$
Derivative (f in italics may overlap primes in HTML)	x', y, f', f	$x^{\prime },y^{″},f^{\prime },f^{″}$	$x^{\prime },y^{″},f^{\prime },f^{″}$
Derivative (wrong in HTML)	x^\prime, y^{\prime\prime}	$x^{\prime },y^{\prime \prime }$	$x^{\prime },y^{\prime \prime }$
Derivative (wrong in PNG)	x\prime, y\prime\prime	$x\prime ,y\prime \prime$	$x\prime ,y\prime \prime$
Derivative dots	\dot{x}, \ddot{x}	$\dot{x},\ddot{x}$
Underlines, overlines, vectors	\hat a \ \bar b \ \vec c	$\hat{a}\overline{b}\overrightarrow{c}$
	\overrightarrow{a b} \ \overleftarrow{c d} \ \widehat{d e f}	$\overrightarrow{ab}\overleftarrow{cd}\widehat{def}$
	\overline{g h i} \ \underline{j k l}	$\overline{ghi}\underset{\_}{jkl}$
Arrows	A \xleftarrow{n+\mu-1} B \xrightarrow[T]{n\pm i-1} C	$A\stackrel{n+\mu -1}{\leftarrow }B\underset{T}{\overset{n\pm i-1}{\to }}C$
Overbraces	\overbrace{ 1+2+\cdots+100 }^{5050}	$\stackrel{5050}{\overbrace{1+2+\cdots +100}}$
Underbraces	\underbrace{ a+b+\cdots+z }_{26}	$\underset{26}{\underbrace{a+b+\cdots +z}}$
Sum	\sum_{k=1}^N k^2	$\sum _{k=1}^N{k}^2$
Sum (force \textstyle)	\textstyle \sum_{k=1}^N k^2	$\sum _{k=1}^N{k}^2$
Product	\prod_{i=1}^N x_i	$\prod _{i=1}^N{x}_i$
Product (force \textstyle)	\textstyle \prod_{i=1}^N x_i	$\prod _{i=1}^N{x}_i$
Coproduct	\coprod_{i=1}^N x_i	$\coprod _{i=1}^N{x}_i$
Coproduct (force \textstyle)	\textstyle \coprod_{i=1}^N x_i	$\coprod _{i=1}^N{x}_i$
Limit	\lim_{n \to \infty}x_n	$\underset{n\to \mathrm{\infty }}{lim}{x}_n$
Limit (force \textstyle)	\textstyle \lim_{n \to \infty}x_n	$\underset{n\to \mathrm{\infty }}{lim}{x}_n$
Integral	\int\limits_{-N}^{N} e^x\, dx	$\underset{-N}{\overset{N}{\int }}{e}^{x}dx$
Integral (force \textstyle)	\textstyle \int\limits_{-N}^{N} e^x\, dx	$\underset{-N}{\overset{N}{\int }}{e}^{x}dx$
Double integral	\iint\limits_{D} \, dx\,dy	$\underset{D}{\iint }dxdy$
Triple integral	\iiint\limits_{E} \, dx\,dy\,dz	$\underset{E}{\iiint }dxdydz$
Quadruple integral	\iiiint\limits_{F} \, dx\,dy\,dz\,dt	$\underset{F}{⨌}dxdydzdt$
Path integral	\oint\limits_{C} x^3\, dx + 4y^2\, dy	$\underset{C}{\oint }{x}^{3}dx+4y^{2}dy$
Intersections	\bigcap_1^{n} p	$\bigcap _1^{n}p$
Unions	\bigcup_1^{k} p	$\bigcup _1^{k}p$

Fractions, matrices, multilines

Feature	Syntax	How it looks rendered
Fractions	\frac{2}{4}=0.5	$\frac{2}{4}=0.5$
Small Fractions	\tfrac{2}{4} = 0.5	$\frac{2}{4}=0.5$
Large (normal) Fractions	\dfrac{2}{4} = 0.5	$\frac{2}{4}=0.5$
Large (nested) Fractions	\cfrac{2}{c + \cfrac{2}{d + \cfrac{2}{4}}} = a	$\frac{2}{c+\frac{2}{d+\frac{2}{4}}}=a$
Binomial coefficients	\binom{n}{k}	$(\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{n}{k})$
Small Binomial coefficients	\tbinom{n}{k}	$(\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{n}{k})$
Large (normal) Binomial coefficients	\dbinom{n}{k}	$(\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{n}{k})$
Matrices	\begin{matrix} x & y \\ z & v \end{matrix}	$\begin{array}{cc}x& y\\ z& v\end{array}$
	\begin{vmatrix} x & y \\ z & v \end{vmatrix}	$\left|\begin{array}{cc}x& y\\ z& v\end{array}\right|$
	\begin{Vmatrix} x & y \\ z & v \end{Vmatrix}	$\Vert \begin{array}{cc}x& y\\ z& v\end{array}\Vert$
	\begin{bmatrix} 0 & \cdots & 0 \\ \vdots & \ddots & \vdots \\ 0 & \cdots & 0 \end{bmatrix}	$\left[\begin{array}{ccc}0& \cdots & 0\\ ⋮& \ddots & ⋮\\ 0& \cdots & 0\end{array}\right]$
	\begin{Bmatrix} x & y \\ z & v \end{Bmatrix}	$\left\{\begin{array}{cc}x& y\\ z& v\end{array}\right\}$
	\begin{pmatrix} x & y \\ z & v \end{pmatrix}	$\left(\begin{array}{cc}x& y\\ z& v\end{array}\right)$
	\bigl( \begin{smallmatrix} a&b\\ c&d \end{smallmatrix} \bigr)	$(\begin{array}{cc}a& b\\ c& d\end{array})$
Case distinctions	f(n) = \begin{cases} n/2, & \mbox{if }n\mbox{ is even} \\ 3n+1, & \mbox{if }n\mbox{ is odd} \end{cases}	$f(n)=\{\begin{array}{cc}n/2,& n\text{ is even}\\ 3n+1,& n\text{ is odd}\end{array}$
Multiline equations	\begin{align} f(x) & = (a+b)^2 \\ & = a^2+2ab+b^2 \\ \end{align}	$\begin{array}{rr}f(x)& =(a+b{)}^2\\ & =a^2+2ab+b^2\\ \end{array}$
	\begin{alignat}{2} f(x) & = (a-b)^2 \\ & = a^2-2ab+b^2 \\ \end{alignat}	$\begin{array}{rr}f(x)& =(a-b{)}^2\\ & =a^2-2ab+b^2\\ \end{array}$
Multiline equations (must define number of colums used ({lcr}) (should not be used unless needed)	\begin{array}{lcl} z & = & a \\ f(x,y,z) & = & x + y + z \end{array}	$\begin{array}{ccc}z& =& a\\ f(x,y,z)& =& x+y+z\end{array}$
Multiline equations (more)	\begin{array}{lcr} z & = & a \\ f(x,y,z) & = & x + y + z \end{array}	$\begin{array}{ccc}z& =& a\\ f(x,y,z)& =& x+y+z\end{array}$
Breaking up a long expression so that it wraps when necessary	<math>f(x) \,\!</math> <math>= \sum_{n=0}^\infty a_n x^n </math> <math>= a_0+a_1x+a_2x^2+\cdots</math>	$f(x)$$=\sum _{n=0}^{\mathrm{\infty }}{a}_n{x}^n$$=a_0+a_{1}x+a_2{x}^2+\cdots$
Simultaneous equations	\begin{cases} 3x + 5y + z \\ 7x - 2y + 4z \\ -6x + 3y + 2z \end{cases}	$\{\begin{array}{c}3x+5y+z\\ 7x-2y+4z\\ -6x+3y+2z\end{array}$