Buldyrev and Stanley model
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The Buldyrev and Stanley model consists of a double shoulder plus a square well (Ref. 1 Eq. 1):
\[ \Phi_{12}\left( r \right) = \left\{ \begin{array}{ccc} \infty & ; & r < a \\ U_1 & ; &a \le r < b_1 \\ U_2 & ; & b_1 \le r < b_2 \\ -U_A & ; & b_2 \le r < c \\ 0 & ; & r \ge c \end{array} \right. \]
where \(\Phi_{12} (r)\) is the intermolecular pair potential, \(r := |\mathbf{r}_1 - \mathbf{r}_2|\), and \(c>b_2>b_1>a\) and \(U_A>0\).
