Liquid phase density maximum

There are a number of liquids that have a density maximum in the liquid phase. The most celebrated is that of water. However, liquid helium 4 also has a maximum at 2.18 K (Ref. ??), liquid gallium at ??K (Ref. ??), silica at ??K (Ref. ??), tellurium at ??K (Ref. ??), bismuth at ?? (Ref. ??), and germanium at ?? (Ref. ??).

Historical papers

Water:

1. Charles Blagden and George Gilpin "Supplementary Report on the Best Method of Proportioning the Excise upon Spirituous Liquors", Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London 82 pp. 425-455 (1792)

Water

System	model	$T_{\mathrm {TMD} }$ (K)	density at $T=T_{\mathrm {TMD} }$ (Kg/m3)	Reference
H2O	experimental	277.134	999.972	Ref. 1
D2O	experimental	284.335	1106.00	Ref. 1
T2O	experimental	286.553	1215.01	Ref. 1
H2O	ST2	300		Ref. 2
H2O	TIPS2	298 $\pm$ 25		Ref. 3
H2O	SPC	228	1008	Ref. 5
H2O	SPC/E	241	1012	Ref. 6
H2O	TIP3P	182	1038	Ref. 5
H2O	TIP4P	253	1008	Ref. 5
H2O	TIP4P/Ew	273	1000	Ref. 7
H2O	TIP4P/Ice	295	994	Ref. 5
H2O	TIP5P	285	989	Ref. 5
H2O	TIP5P-E	282	1004	Ref. 8
H2O	TIP4P/2005	278	1000.5	Ref. 9
H2O	TIP4PQ/2005	280	999.2	Ref. 10

References for water

1. Felix Franks "Water A matrix of life", Royal Society of Chemistry 2nd Edition (2000) ISBN 978-0-85404-583-9 Table 3.5
2. Frank H. Stillinger and Aneesur Rahman "Improved simulation of liquid water by molecular dynamics", Journal of Chemical Physics 60 pp. 1545-1557 (1974)
3. William L. Jorgensen "Revised TIPS for simulations of liquid water and aqueous solutions", Journal of Chemical Physics 77 pp. 4156- (1982)
4. S. R. Billeter, P. M. King, and W. F. van Gunsteren "Can the density maximum of water be found by computer simulation?", Journal of Chemical Physics 100 pp. 6692 (1994)
5. C. Vega and J. L. F. Abascal "Relation between the melting temperature and the temperature of maximum density for the most common models of water", Journal of Chemical Physics 123 144504 (2005)
6. Taras Bryk and A. D. J. Haymet "The Ice/Water Interface: Density-Temperature Phase Diagram for the SPC/E Model of Liquid Water", Molecular Simulation 30 pp. 131-135 (2004)
7. Hans W. Horn, William C. Swope, Jed W. Pitera, Jeffry D. Madura, Thomas J. Dick, Greg L. Hura and Teresa Head-Gordon "Development of an improved four-site water model for biomolecular simulations: TIP4P-Ew", Journal of Chemical Physics 120 pp. 9665-9678 (2004)
8. Steven W. Rick "A reoptimization of the five-site water potential (TIP5P) for use with Ewald sums", Journal of Chemical Physics 120 6085 (2004)
9. J. L. F. Abascal and C. Vega "A general purpose model for the condensed phases of water: TIP4P/2005", Journal of Chemical Physics, 123 234505 (2005)
10. E. G. Noya, C. Vega, L. M. Sesé, and R. Ramírez "Quantum effects on the maximum in density of water as described by the TIP4PQ/2005 model", Journal of Chemical Physics 131 124518 (2009)