Blue phase
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The liquid crystalline blue phase is encountered between the isotropic and the chiral nematic phase. It usually occupies a narrow range of temperatures, for example, in the range of a half to two degrees. However, in 2005 Coles and Pivnenko (Ref. 4) described a mixture that has a range of stability of 44 degrees.
BP I*
BP II*
BP III*
Also known as blue fog.
References
- H. Stegemeyer, TH. Blümel, K. Hiltrop, H. Onusseit and F. Porsch "Thermodynamic, structural and morphological studies on liquid-crystalline blue phases", Liquid Crystals 1 pp. 3-28 (1986)
- David C. Wright and N. David Mermin "Crystalline liquids: the blue phases", Reviews of Modern Physics 61 385-432 (1989)
- Peter Crooker "Blue Phases", in "Chirality in Liquid Crystals" pp. 186-222 Springer New York (2001)
- Harry J. Coles and Mikhail N. Pivnenko "Liquid crystal 'blue phases' with a wide temperature range", Nature 436 pp. 997-1000 (2005)