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There are a number of liquids that have a density maximum in the liquid phase. The most celebrated is that of water. However, liquid helium 4 also has a maximum at 2.18 K and liquid gallium at... and silica at...
Water
| System |
model |
 (K) |
density at  (Kg/m3) |
Reference
|
| H2O |
experimental |
277.134 |
999.972 |
Ref. 1
|
| D2O |
experimental |
284.335 |
1106.00 |
Ref. 1
|
| T2O |
experimental |
286.553 |
1215.01 |
Ref. 1
|
| H2O |
ST2 |
300 |
|
Ref. 2
|
| H2O |
TIPS2 |
298  25 |
|
Ref. 3
|
| H2O |
SPC |
228 |
1008 |
Ref. 5
|
| H2O |
SPC/E |
241 |
1012 |
Ref. 6
|
| H2O |
TIP3P |
182 |
1038 |
Ref. 5
|
| H2O |
TIP4P |
253 |
1008 |
Ref. 5
|
| H2O |
TIP4P/Ew |
273 |
1000 |
Ref. 7
|
| H2O |
TIP4P/ice |
295 |
994 |
Ref. 5
|
| H2O |
TIP5P |
285 |
989 |
Ref. 5
|
| H2O |
TIP5P-E |
282 |
1004 |
Ref. 8
|
| H2O |
TIP4P/2005 |
278 |
1000.5 |
Ref. 9
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References for water
- Felix Franks "Water A matrix of life", Royal Society of Chemistry 2nd Edition (2000) ISBN 978-0-85404-583-9 Table 3.5
- Frank H. Stillinger and Aneesur Rahman "Improved simulation of liquid water by molecular dynamics", Journal of Chemical Physics 60 pp. 1545-1557 (1974)
- William L. Jorgensen "Revised TIPS for simulations of liquid water and aqueous solutions", Journal of Chemical Physics 77 pp. 4156- (1982)
- S. R. Billeter, P. M. King, and W. F. van Gunsteren "Can the density maximum of water be found by computer simulation?", Journal of Chemical Physics 100 pp. 6692 (1994)
- C. Vega and J. L. F. Abascal "Relation between the melting temperature and the temperature of maximum density for the most common models of water", Journal of Chemical Physics 123 144504 (2005)
- Taras Bryk and A. D. J. Haymet "The Ice/Water Interface: Density-Temperature Phase Diagram for the SPC/E Model of Liquid Water", Molecular Simulation 30 pp. 131-135 (2004)
- Hans W. Horn, William C. Swope, Jed W. Pitera, Jeffry D. Madura, Thomas J. Dick, Greg L. Hura and Teresa Head-Gordon "Development of an improved four-site water model for biomolecular simulations: TIP4P-Ew", Journal of Chemical Physics 120 pp. 9665-9678 (2004)
- Steven W. Rick "A reoptimization of the five-site water potential (TIP5P) for use with Ewald sums", Journal of Chemical Physics 120 6085 (2004)
- J. L. F. Abascal and C. Vega "A general purpose model for the condensed phases of water: TIP4P/2005", Journal of Chemical Physics, 123 234505 (2005)
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