Ramp model

The Ramp model is described by:

Failed to parse (Conversion error. Server ("https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_") reported: "Cannot get mml. Server problem."): {\displaystyle u(r)=\left\{{\begin{array}{ll}\infty &{\rm {if}}\;r<\sigma \\W_{r}-(W_{r}-W_{a}){\frac {r-\sigma }{d_{a}-\sigma }}&{\rm {if}}\;\sigma \leq r\leq d_{a}\\W_{a}-W_{a}{\frac {r-d_{a}}{d_{c}-d_{a}}}&{\rm {if}}\;d_{a}<r\leq d_{c}\\0&{\rm {if}}\;r>d_{c}\end{array}}\right.}

where Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle W_r > 0} and Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle W_a < 0} .

References

1. P. C. Hemmer and G. Stell "Fluids with Several Phase Transitions", Physical Review Letters 24 pp. 1284 - 1287 (1970)
2. G. Stell and P. C. Hemmer, "Phase Transitions Due to Softness of the Potential Core", Journal of Chemical Physics' 56, pp. 4274-4286 (1972)
3. E. A. Jagla "Core-softened potentials and the anomalous properties of water", Journal of Chemical Physics' 111, pp. 8980-8986 (1999)
4. E. Lomba, N. G. Almarza, C. Martin, C. McBride "Phase behaviour of attractive and repulsive ramp fluids: integral equation and computer simulation studies" arxiv.org/abs/cond-mat/0703509