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| The virial equation of state is used to describe the behavior of diluted gases.
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| It is usually written as an expansion of the [[compresiblity factor]], <math> Z </math>, in terms of either the
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| density or the pressure. In the first case:
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| :<math> \frac{p V}{N k_B T } = Z = 1 + \sum_{k=2}^{\infty} B_k(T) \rho^{k-1}</math>.
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| where
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| * <math> p </math> is the pressure
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| *<math> V </math> is the volume
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| *<math> N </math> is the number of molecules
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| *<math> \rho \equiv \frac{N}{V} </math> is the (number) density
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| *<math> B_k\left( T \right) </math> is called the k-th virial coefficient
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| == Systems ==
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| *[[hard sphere: virial equation of state|Hard spheres]] | | *[[hard sphere: virial equation of state|Hard spheres]] |