Carnahan-Starling equation of state

The equation of Carnahan-Starling is an approximate equation of state for the fluid phase of the Hard Sphere model in three dimensions.

$Z=\frac{pV}{N{k}_{B}T}=\frac{1+\eta +{\eta }^2-{\eta }^3}{(1-\eta {)}^3}.$

where:

• $p$ is the pressure

• $V$ is the volume

• $N$ is the number of particles

• $k_B$ is the Boltzmann constant

• $T$ is the absolute temperature

• $\eta$ is the packing fraction:

$\eta =\frac{\pi }{6}\frac{N{\sigma }^3}{V}$

• $\sigma$ is the Hard Sphere diameter

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