Carnahan-Starling equation of state

The equation of Carnahan-Starling is an approximate equation of state for the fluid phase of the hard sphere model in three dimensions. (Eqn. 10 in Ref 1).

Failed to parse (Conversion error. Server ("https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_") reported: "Cannot get mml. Server problem."): {\displaystyle Z={\frac {pV}{Nk_{B}T}}={\frac {1+\eta +\eta ^{2}-\eta ^{3}}{(1-\eta )^{3}}}.}

where:

• $p$ is the pressure

• $V$ is the volume

• $N$ is the number of particles

• $k_{B}$ is the Boltzmann constant

• $T$ is the absolute temperature

• Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle \eta } is the packing fraction:

Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle \eta = \frac{ \pi }{6} \frac{ N \sigma^3 }{V} }

• Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle \sigma } is the Hard Sphere diameter.

References

1. N. F.Carnahan and K. E.Starling,"Equation of State for Nonattracting Rigid Spheres" J. Chem. Phys. 51 , 635-636 (1969)