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| [[Image:patchy_4.png|thumb|right| Artists impression of a tetrahedral patchy particle]]
| | The phase diagram of tetrahedral, patchy particles <ref>[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jp9081905 F. Romano, E. Sanz and F. Sciortino "Role of the Range in the Fluid−Crystal Coexistence for a |
| '''Anisotropic particles with tetrahedral symmetry'''
| | Patchy Particle Model", J. Phys. Chem. B '''113''' pp. 15133–15136 (2009)]</ref> |
| ==Kern and Frenkel model==
| | exhibits the following solid phases: Diamond Crystal (DC), |
| ===Phase diagram===
| | Body Centered Cubic (BCC) and Face Centered Cubic (FCC). The gas-liquid critical point becomes metastable with respect |
| The [[Phase diagrams |phase diagram]] of the tetrahedral [[Kern and Frenkel patchy model | Kern and Frenkel ]] [[patchy particles | patchy model]] exhibits the following solid phases<ref>[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jp9081905 Flavio Romano, Eduardo Sanz and Francesco Sciortino "Role of the Range in the Fluid−Crystal Coexistence for a Patchy Particle Model", Journal of Physical Chemistry B '''113''' pp. 15133–15136 (2009)]</ref><ref>[http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3393777 Flavio Romano, Eduardo Sanz and Francesco Sciortino "Phase diagram of a tetrahedral patchy particle model for different interaction ranges", Journal of Chemical Physics '''132''' 184501 (2010)]</ref>: | | to the Diamond Crystal when the range of the interaction becomes short (roughly less than 15% of the |
| [[Building up a diamond lattice |diamond crystal]] (DC),
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| [[Building up a body centered cubic lattice | body centred cubic]] (BCC) and [[Building up a face centered cubic lattice |face centred cubic]] (FCC). The gas-liquid [[critical points | critical point]] becomes metastable with respect
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| to the diamond crystal when the range of the interaction becomes short (roughly less than 15% of the | |
| diameter). | | diameter). |
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| :[[Image:romanojpcb09.gif]]
| | [[Image:romanojpcb09.gif]] |
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| In contrast to isotropic models, the critical point becomes only weakly metastable with respect to the solid as the interaction range
| | By contrast to isotropic models, the critical point |
| | has only a weak metastability |
| | with respect to the solid as the interaction range |
| narrows (from left to right in the figure). | | narrows (from left to right in the figure). |
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| ===Crystallization===
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| Tetrahedral Kern-Frenkel patchy particles crystallise spontaneously into open tetrahedral networks for narrow patches (solid angle < 30). The interaction range does not play an important role in crystallisation <ref>[http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3578182 Flavio Romano, Eduardo Sanz, and Francesco Sciortino "Crystallization of tetrahedral patchy particles in silico", Journal of Chemical Physics '''134''' 174502 (2011)]</ref>
| | === References === |
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| [[Image:fig5.jpg]]
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| Interaction range, <math>\delta</math>, versus patch angular width.
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| Diamonds correspond to crystallising and circles to glass–forming models.
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| The point studied in Ref. <ref>[http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3578182 Zhenli Zhang, Aaron S. Keys, Ting Chen, and Sharon C. Glotzer "Self-Assembly of Patchy Particles into Diamond Structures through Molecular Mimicry", Langmuir '''21''' 11547 (2005)]</ref> is included.
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| When the patches in this model are made even wider (while still enforcing the limit of a single bond per patch), the diamond phase becomes metastable with respect to a liquid phase, which is stable even in the zero-temperature limit <ref>[http://www.nature.com/nphys/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/nphys2693.html Frank Smallenburg and Francesco Sciortino "Liquids more stable than crystals in particles with limited valence and flexible bonds", Nature Physics '''9''' 554 (2013)]</ref>.
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| ==Modulated patchy Lennard-Jones model== | |
| The solid phases of the [[modulated patchy Lennard-Jones model]] has also been studied <ref>[http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3454907 Eva G. Noya, Carlos Vega, Jonathan P. K. Doye, and Ard A. Louis "The stability of a crystal with diamond structure for patchy particles with tetrahedral symmetry", Journal of Chemical Physics '''132''' 234511 (2010)]</ref>
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| ==Lattice model==
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| <ref>[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00268976.2010.523521 N. G. Almarza and E. G. Noya "Phase transitions of a lattice model for patchy particles with tetrahedral symmetry", Molecular Physics '''109''' pp. 65-74 (2011)]</ref>
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| ==See also==
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| *[[PMW]] (primitive model for [[water]])
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| == References ==
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| <references/> | | <references/> |
| ;Related reading
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| *[http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3582904 G. Munaó, D. Costa, F. Sciortino, and C. Caccamo "Simulation and theory of a model for tetrahedral colloidal particles", Journal of Chemical Physics '''134''' 194502 (2011)]
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| *[http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4840695 Ivan Saika-Voivod, Frank Smallenburg and Francesco Sciortino "Understanding tetrahedral liquids through patchy colloids", Journal of Chemical Physics '''139''' 234901 (2013)]
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| [[category: models]]
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