Square shoulder model

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The square shoulder model is given by ^[1]

\[ \Phi_{12}\left( r \right) = \left\{ \begin{array}{ccc} \infty & ; & r < \sigma \\ \epsilon & ; &\sigma \le r < \lambda \sigma \\ 0 & ; & r \ge \lambda \sigma \end{array} \right. \]

where \(\Phi_{12}(r)\) is the intermolecular pair potential, \(\epsilon\) is the height of the shoulder, \(r\) is the distance between site 1 and site 2 \(r := |\mathbf{r}_1 - \mathbf{r}_2|\), σ is the hard diameter and λ > 1.